It surrounds the maxillary artery and receives numerous branches that carry blood from the face and surrounding region to the facial and maxillary veins. To our knowledge, study of the intraoperative profuse bleeding of pterygoid venous plexus pvp in large nasopharyngeal angiofibroma resection has not yet been reported. Threedimensional venous anatomy of the dermis observed using. Pterygoid venous plexus radiology reference article. A venous plexus is a congregation of multiple veins. Little protrusion to assist in opening of jaw, depression along with hyoid muscles grinding collective action of both pterygoids medial pterygoid origin. We have conducted a study after injection of colored latex in 10 unembalmed subjects in order to define the arrangement of the venous network and to assess the frequency of the different types of plexuses found. Start studying dent106y maxillary artery and pterygoid venous plexus. Health, general fibroma care and treatment causes of diagnosis fibromas. Pterygoid venous plexus synonyms, pterygoid venous plexus pronunciation, pterygoid venous plexus translation, english dictionary definition of pterygoid venous plexus. As always, speak with your clinician regarding appropriate course of. This plexus lies in the infratemporal fossa and communicates with the cavernous sinus via an. Magnetic resonance imaging mri of the brain and orbits with contrast confirmed the presence of bilateral varices of the.
Normal flow signal of the pterygoid plexus on 3t mra in. Human anatomy lab 27 step suny downstate medical center. Pterygoid plexus network of very small veins that lie around and within the lateral pterygoid muscle that drains the venous corresponding branches of the maxillary artery. Epomedicine oct 18, 2017 no comments anatomy cardiovascular system. The characteristic structure of the dermal venous plexus has been considered to. Developed by renowned radiologists in each specialty, statdx provides comprehensive decision support you can rely on pterygoid venous plexus asymmetry. Some aspects concerning the peculiarities of the pterygoid venous plexus in man related to age.
However most of the blood draining from the tissues supplied by this artery, bypasses the. Limited information here, am assuming this is a mri finding. A preliminary report was read before the conference of eastern radiologists, in phila delphia, january. Dent106y maxillary artery and pterygoid venous plexus.
Pterygoid plexus has connection with cavernous sinus through the emissary veins. Synonyms for pterygoid plexus vein in free thesaurus. It is a network of veins that sit in a cavity, approximately 1 x 2 cm in size in an adult. Some aspects concerning the peculiarities of the pterygoid. The orbital varices were incidentally discovered while investigating the patients initial presentation of bilateral chorioretinal scars and optic nerve head drusen. Pterygoid venous plexus is connected to facial vein via deep facial. This video is about the pterygoid venous plexus, its situation, drainage, communications, lateral pterygoid acting as peripheral heart in detail. It is connected to the cavernous sinus and the pharyngeal venous plexus. The nerve to medial pterygoid divides off the mandibular division just below the foramen ovale and just before it branches into anterior and posterior divisons. Pterygoid plexus vein synonyms, pterygoid plexus vein.
The cavernous sinus communicates with several paracavernous sinus venous structures, receiving blood flow from the superficial middle cerebral vein smcv, the sphenoparietal sinus sps, and the superior ophthalmic vein, and draining into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses and pterygoid and basilar plexuses. Facial vein drains pterygoid plexus pterygoid venous plexus drains deep veins via deep facial vein. The collection of veins occupying the infratemporal fossa. The infratemporal fossa is a complex area located at the base of the skull, deep to the masseter muscle it is closely associated with both the temporal and pterygopalatine fossae and acts as a conduit for neurovascular structures entering and leaving the cranial cavity this article will outline the borders and content of the fossa before examining its clinical relevance. It is one of the four masticatory muscles, along with the medial pterygoid, temporalis and masseter muscles all these muscles act upon the temporomandibular joint tmj to enable chewing mastication and biting. Our purpose was to investigate the prevalence of flow. Selected veins of the head and neck listed alphabetically. It communicates with the facial vein figure 427 via the deep facial.
Our analyses were based on intraoperative observations and advanced imaging methods. Case report lateral pterygoid muscle rhabdomyolysis. It drains into short maxillary vein which accompanies first part of maxillary artery which in turm joins superficial temporal vein to form retromandibular vein within the parotid gland what are the connections of pterygoid venous plexus. The pterygoid venous plexus is a small intercommunicating cluster of venules that is intimately related to the lateral pterygoid muscle, lying both intramuscularly and around the muscle the plexus is formed by very small veins that are the venous counterparts to the branches of the maxillary artery. Typical appearance of cavernous sinus black on an ica injection major inflow is via the superficial sylvian veins pink and the deep sylvian vein basal vein conduit yellow, notice full extent of basal vein between cc and the galen, and outflow into inferior petrosal sinus white and pterygoid venous plexus.
The function of the vertebral veins and their of the. Pterygoid venous plexus cavernous sinus deep facial vein pterygoid venous plexus it is a valveless venous plexus of considerable size, and is situated on the lateral aspect of medial pterygoid within the infratemporal fossa it drains the eye and is directly connected to the cavernous sinus. Pterygoid venous plexus doctors answer your questions. If this is simply an incidental finding, probably no follow up necessary, or possibly an additional study or follow up mri in a short time if there is some uncertainty. Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate superficial head. Pterygoid plexus definition of pterygoid plexus by the. Involvement of pterygoid venous plexus in patulous. Internal vertebral venous plexus or the epidural venous plexus. Synonyms for pterygoid venous plexus in free thesaurus. Diplopia, local anesthesia, posterior superior nerve, pterygoid plexus of veins i ntroduction local anesthesia is defined as a loss of sensation in a circumscribed area of the body caused by a depression of excitations of nerve endings or an inhibition of. The pampiniform plexus is a venous plexus a network of many small veins found in the.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Management of pterygoid venous plexus hemorrhage during. The pterygoid venous plexus communicates with the cavernous sinus via two routes. Nerve to medial pterygoid radiology reference article. Lateral pterygoid contributes to this function by protruding and depressing. To the best of our knowledge, involvement of the head and neck muscles by rhabdomyolysis has not been reported previously. Request pdf involvement of pterygoid venous plexus in patulous eustachian tube symptoms the pterygoid venous plexus pvp is an important factor in the mechanism of eustachian tube et. The carotid siphon of the internal carotid artery, and cranial nerves iii, iv, v branches v 1 and v 2 and vi all pass through this blood filled space nearby structures. One route is via emissary veins passing through the foramen ovale, foramen spinosum. The pial venous plexus, the coronal venous plexus, represents a longitudinally and axially anasomosed network on the surface of the spinal cord.
Lateral pterygoid is a twoheaded, fanshaped muscle located in the infratemporal fossa of the skull. It is an important region because of the potential to spread dental infection. The pterygoid plexus of veins is the main venous component associated with the infratemporal fossa. Many plexus locations are found in the human body, including vertebral, pterygoid, pampiniform, vesical, uterine, vaginal, uterovaginal, and rectal venous plexuses. The plexus drain into the short maxillary vein through runs back to join the superficial temporal vein and form. Yeung, in head, neck, and orofacial infections, 2016. A venous plexus is any collection of veins clustered together within the body. References this cardiovascular system article is a stub.
Although discussed less often, the venous system is also critical to normal functioning of the visual pathways. Cavernous sinuses and draining dural sinuses or veins are often visualized on 3d tof mra images in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas involving the cs. Vascular anatomy of the spinal cord and classification of spinal. The pterygoid venous plexus is an extensive valveless plexus of veins that parallels the medial two thirds of the maxillary artery on the lateral aspect of the medial pterygoid muscle, within the infratemporal fossa. Pterygoid venous plexus definition of pterygoid venous. The infratemporal fossa borders contents teachmeanatomy. Another route is via the deep facial vein, which links the pterygoid venous plexus with the facial vein. The nerve to medial pterygoid or medial pterygoid nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve gross anatomy. Typically, the small veins in a venous plexus will eventually unite and form a single large vein. Flow signals may be seen in the jugular vein and dural sinuses at the skull base on mra images in healthy participants, however, because of reverse flow. Management of pterygoid venous plexus hemorrhage during resection of a large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. The plexus surrounds the maxillary artery and receives numerous branches from this region. It communicates with the facial vein through the deep facial and angular veins.
Pterygoid venous plexus synonyms, pterygoid venous plexus. Veins of the skin consist of the subpapillary, dermal and subdermal plexuses. The pterygoid venous plexuses are closely adjacent to the lateral pterygoid m. The infratemporal fossa is a space that exists below the temporal fossa when seen on the skull without the soft tissues, these two anatomical landmarks can be seen to communicate with one another the fossa is shaped irregularly and is situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch.
The upper and lower jaws and their teeth are drained by the superior and inferior alveolar veins which are tributaries directly or indirectly to the pterygoid venous plexus. Original article, clinical report by ear, nose and throat journal. Importantly, this venous plexus is also continuous with the cavernous venous sinus, veins of the orbit, and veins of the superficial face. The cavernous sinus is one of the dural venous sinuses of the head. Anteriorly, the episcleral venous plexus collects both blood from the anterior uveal circulation and aqueous. In other words, the injection of contrast medium into the posterior portion of the mandible does not only outline medullary cavity of but also allow the demonstration of the pterygoid venous plexus and of some of its tributaries. Ocular venous outflow begins in the arcade retinal veins, which exit into the central retinal vein and in the choroidal veins, which exit the sclera through the vortex veins.
It receives tributaries corresponding with the branches of the maxillary artery. The isolated involvement of the lateral pterygoid muscles may be due to the presence of the surrounding pterygoid venous plexus. Pterygoid plexus definition of pterygoid plexus by. Transient pressure changes in the vertebral canal during whiplash. Also received drainage of inferior ophthalmic vein via the inferior orbital fissure and the deep facial vein. The key to success in removing a large jna is effective control of bleeding. Study and analysis on the hemorrhage of pterygoid venous. This report illustrates a case of asymptomatic bilateral orbital varices in a 64yearold caucasian male.
865 1265 181 761 1450 699 417 1079 222 340 668 495 601 998 227 660 916 1061 1067 743 47 959 706 569 673 23 602 1348 970 124 574 290 729 1330 572 1249